貉（nycterrutes...es）对人为干扰的时空响应 -pg电子娱乐平台

动物在生态系统中占据着一定的时空位置，其时空分布格局也受到诸多因素的影响。随着经济社会的发展，人类活动的空间范围和强度在世界范围内不断扩大，人类与野生动物的接触更为频繁，因此研究人为干扰条件下动物的时空分布格局和野生动物的适应策略对于生物多样性保护具有重要意义。本研究于2020月在大别山区河南省连康山国家级自然保护区和湖北省中华山鸟类省级自然保护区内布设红外相机进行监测，调查当地物种多样性，分析貉的日活动节律强度，使用核密度估计法和占域模型分析家畜、家养动物和人类活动与貉时间重叠情况以及人为干扰条件下貉的空间利用情况，主要结果如下：（1）连康山相机日为9133天，拍摄物种有效照片4955张，物种隶属于10目24科39种；中华山相机日为10063天，拍摄物种独立有效照片5318种隶属于11目22科32种。两个地区所拍摄相对丰富度最高的三个物种均为小麂（muntiacusreevesi）、貉（nyctereutesprocyonoides）和野猪（susscrofa）。连康山物种的香农-威纳多样性指数为2.28，均匀度指数为0.64；中华山物种的香农-威纳多样性指数为2.16，均匀度指数为0.63。（2）貉是夜行性动物，其日活动节律表现为不均匀分布的夜间活动模式，活动高峰期主要集中在傍晚18:00–次日清晨6:00。貉在不同季节的活动强度存在差异，其中夏季最活跃，冬季最不活跃；在两地区中貉在春季和冬季活动节律存在显著差异。（3）连康山的人为干扰比中华山高，人为干扰主要出现在白天，与貉在时间上的重叠程度相对较少，表现出错峰现象。貉的行为具有可塑性，会主动调整自己的活动时间，减少和干扰源的时间重叠，在时间上对人为干扰进行“适应”。放牧带来的影响大于人类活动，春季貉与干扰源的重叠系数高。（4）连康山地区貉春季偏好海拔中等、距水源远的针阔混交林；夏季偏好海拔高，距水源远、距道路远的针阔混交林；秋季偏好海拔低，距水源近、距道路远的针阔混交林；冬季偏好海拔低，距水源近、距道路近的针阔混交林。中华山地区貉春季偏好海拔高、距水源远、距道路远的针叶林；夏季偏好距水源远、距道路近的针叶林；秋季偏好海拔低、距水源远、距道路近的针叶林；冬季偏好貉（nyctereutesprocyonoides）对人为干扰的时空响应——以连康山和中华山保护区为例ii海拔低、距水源近、距道路近的针叶林。关键词：时空分布，日活动节律，人为干扰，红外相机，貉abstractiiispatio-temporalresponseraccoondog(nyctereutesprocyonoides)humandisturbances:casestudyzhonghuashanmastercandidate:wangjiayu(sciencenaturereserve)directedxujiliangabstractanimalsoccupycertainspatialtemporalpositionstemporaldistributionpatternsvariousfactors.humanactivitiescontinuesexpandthroughoutcontactbetweenhumanswildanimalsbecomingmorefrequent.therefore,temporaldistributionpatternadaptationstrategieswildanimalsunderhumandisturbancebiologicaldiversityconservationgreatsignificance.study,frommarch2020february2021,usedinfraredcamerastwoprotectedareasdabiemountains,i.e.liankangshannationalnaturereservehenanprovince(hereafter“liankangshan”)zhonghuashanbirdprovincialnaturereservehubeiprovince(hereafter“zhonghuashan”).understandlocalspeciesdiversity,weanalyzeddailyactivityrhythmsraccoondogs(nyctereutesprocyonoides),temporaloverlaplivestocks,domesticatedanimalshumanactivitiesraccoondogsspatialutilizationraccoondogsunderanthropogenicdisturbancekerneldensityestimationmethodoccupancymodel.mainresultscamerashaveworked9,133days4,955validphotographsspeiceswereobtained,including39species10orders24families.camerasworked10,063days,5,318validphotographsspeciesweretaken32species11orders22families.threespecieshighestrelativeabundancephotographedwerelessermuntjac(muntiacusreevesi),raccoondog,wildboar(susscrofa)貉（nyctereutesprocyonoides）对人为干扰的时空响应——以连康山和中华山保护区为例ivtwonaturereserves.shannon-wienerdiversityindexevennessindex0.64,while0.63,respectively.raccoondogitsdailyactivityrhythmexhibitsunevenlydistribution.itspeakactivityperiodmainlyfrom18:00nextday.raccoondoghaddifferentactivityintensitydifferentseasons,mostactiveweresignificantdifferencesactivityrhythmraccoondogsbetweenspringtwostudyareas.anthropogenicdisturbancehigherthananthropogenicdisturbance mainly occurs during daytime,having little temporal overlap raccoondogs, showing staggeredpeak phenomenon. raccoondogs’ behavior activitytime disturbancesource, humanexistence temporally. greaterthan humanactivity. overlapcoefficient between springraccoon dog interferencesource raccoondogs liankangshanprefer mixedforests mediumelevation farfrom water sources spring,while mixedforests highelevation, far from water sources mixedforests lowelevation, closed watersources farfrom roads mixedforests lowelevation, closed watersources raccoondogs zhonghuashanregion prefer coniferous forests highelevation, far from water sources farfrom roads spring,coniferous forests farfrom water sources summer,coniferous forests lowelevation, far from water sources